近年来,由人类免疫缺陷病毒(hiv)感染所致的获得性免疫缺陷综合征(aids)的患病率在我国呈上升趋势。鉴于我国医务工作者对艾滋病的诊治经验不多,因此提高对hiv感染的认识很有必要。据报道,在aids患者中,98%存在营养不良。[1]为此,本文结合近期文献对hiv感染或艾滋病患者的营养不良发生机理、营养评估及其处理对策综述如下。
1营养不良发生机理发生营养不良主要有三个方面的原因:即经口摄入减少,物质代谢改变以及营养成分吸收障碍。1.1经口摄入减少
1.2物质代谢的改变
1.3吸收障碍
2营养状况的评估
2.1病史
2.2食欲
2.3体重和身体各部位的测量
2.4生化检验
3营养不良的护理
3.1病因护理
3.1.1摄入减少
3.1.2物质代谢改变
3.1.3营养吸收障碍
3.2临床护理
3.2.1对症护理
3.2.2一般营养指导
3.3心理护理
3.4体育锻炼
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